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In the case of industrial discharges in superficial waters, a biological system may not be enough, even if designed with the more efficient biomass concentration methods by way of ultrafiltration
membranes.
As a matter of fact the permeate produced with these methods needs a post-treatment with nanofiltration membranes which will reduce the residual values of organic or inorganic pollutants, to comply with
the regulation limits.
Moreover, the waters will also be partially demineralized and may be reused.
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